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Leonor Fini

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  • Biography
    View works. Leonor Fini, Les Fantastiques, 1983
    Les Fantastiques, 1983
    View works
    Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1907
    Died in Paris, France, 1996
    Download Selected Press (PDF, opens in a new tab.)
    Download Artist CV (PDF, opens in a new tab.)
  • "In a sense my paintings have always been my autobiography…they 'unmask' a being inside of me."—Leonor Fini
  • Over the course of seven decades, Leonor Fini produced an extensive body of work encompassing paintings, drawings, book illustrations, and...
    Leonor Fini in Paris, CA. 1938

    Over the course of seven decades, Leonor Fini produced an extensive body of work encompassing paintings, drawings, book illustrations, and set and costume design for theater, ballet, opera, and film. Today, she is regarded as one of the most significant artists of the twentieth century, widely celebrated for developing a visual language untethered to contemporaneous styles or movements, one distinctly the artist’s own. The inversion of traditional gender roles occupies a principal force in Fini’s oeuvre, and the figure of the sphinx—a mythical creature combining the head of a woman, often the artist’s, with the body of a lion—most powerfully embodies her proclamations of female sexuality, desire, and agency.

    Born in Buenos Aires to Italian parents, Leonor Fini quickly moved to Trieste, Italy, where her mother fled her oppressive father within eighteen months of Fini’s birth. Following a kidnapping attempt orchestrated by her father, Fini began disguising as a boy in public, birthing a lifelong fascination with masquerade and an aura of mystique that would later become a touchstone of her artistic practice. In her teenage years, Fini suffered from an illness which left her eyes bandaged for two months, catalyzing the evolution of an artistic lexicon drawn from dreams, the imagination, and the human psyche. With no formal training, Fini soon began exhibiting in group exhibitions in Trieste and Milan, where she discovered the Italian Mannerists. She began receiving commissions for portraits at this time, a genre for which Fini would later become renowned with examples depicting such artists, writers, and public figures as Leonora Carrington, Lady Diana Cooper, Jean Genet, Meret Oppenheim, and André Pieyre de Mandiargues, among many others.

  • In 1931, Fini moved to Paris at the advice of the artist Giorgio de Chirico, who introduced her to the Surrealists. Disavowing the misogyny of the group’s leader, André Breton, Fini boldly rejected an invitation to formally join the Surrealist group, though she continued to exhibit and socialize with such figures as Henri Cartier-Bresson, Georges Bataille, Leonora Carrington, Joseph Cornell, Salvador Dalí, Max Ernst, Man Ray, and Meret Oppenheim, among many others. Fini’s first solo exhibition in Paris was mounted in 1932 at the Galerie Bonjean, where Christian Dior then served as director. Her work soon rose to prominence following her inclusion in the pivotal exhibition Fantastic Art, Dada, Surrealism at New York’s Museum of Modern Art in 1936, the same year she began exhibiting with the New York-based gallerist and champion of Surrealist art Julien Levy. Fini’s creative output had already begun to surpass the boundaries of the visual arts by this time, and she notably designed the bottle and packaging of Elsa Schiaparelli’s perfume called Shocking in 1937. Fini’s extravagant and eccentric dresses embellished with masks and ripped clothing, often captured in photographs by Lee Miller and Dora Maar, would also launch Fini into a well-recognized fashion icon.

    On the eve of World War II in Paris, Fini curated an exhibition of Surrealist furniture for the first gallery owned by her friend Leo Castelli, who would become a leading dealer of the twentieth century. During the German occupation of Paris, she fled to southwestern France with Salvador and Gala Dalí, later moving to Monte Carlo and eventually Rome after that city’s liberation. Fini would continue to exhibit internationally during the war, including in a landmark 1943 exhibition showcasing only women artists, 31 Women, organized by Peggy Guggenheim at her New York gallery Art of This Century. After the war, Fini eventually returned to Paris. She would live and work between that city and Saint-Dyé-sur-Loire for the remainder of her life.

  • In the postwar years, Fini continued to paint as well as design sets and costumes for ballet, theater, and film.... In the postwar years, Fini continued to paint as well as design sets and costumes for ballet, theater, and film....

    In the postwar years, Fini continued to paint as well as design sets and costumes for ballet, theater, and film. She created designs for the Paris Opera, George Balanchine’s ballet Palaise de Crystal (now titled Symphony in C, 1947), Roland Petit’s Les Demoiselles de la Nuit (1948), for Maria Callas at the La Scala theater in Milan, and for over seventy productions at Paris theaters between 1946 and 1969 including Jean Genet’s The Maids and The Balcony. She also designed and created costumes for films including Renato Castellani’s Romeo and Juliet (1954), Federico Fellini’s 8 ½ (1963), and John Huston’s A Walk with Love and Death (1969). Fini would come to illustrate about fifty books, including the works of Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, Gérard de Nerval, and Edgar Allan Poe.

    In her lifetime, Fini was the subject of retrospective exhibitions in Belgium (1965), Italy (1983), Japan (1972-73, 1985-86), and France (1986). Additional retrospectives were staged posthumously at institutions in Italy (2005, 2009), Japan (2005), Germany (1997-98), and Sweden (2014), and the artist’s first U.S. museum survey was staged at New York’s Museum of Sex from 2018 until 2019, followed by solo exhibition at the Lilley Museum of Art, University of Nevada, Reno in 2021. In 2021 and 2022, her work was included in the expansive exhibition Surrealism Beyond Borders at Tate Modern in London. In 2022, Fini was prominently included in The Witch’s Cradle, one of five historical sections embedded within The Milk of Dreams, the main exhibition of the 59th Venice Biennale.

    Examples of Fini’s works can be found in esteemed collections around the world, including the Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois; the Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris; the McNay Art Museum, San Antonio, Texas; the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; the Miyazaki Prefectural Art Museum, Japan; the Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, France; the Musée de Grenoble, France; Museo Revoltella, Trieste, Italy; the Museum of Modern Art, Brussels; the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice; and Tate Modern, London, among others.

    A catalogue raisonné of the artist’s oil paintings was published in 2021, authored by Fini experts Richard Overstreet and Neil Zukerman. An authoritative biography by art historian Peter Webb was published in 2007 (translated to English in 2009), and the artist’s personal papers and library, previously housed in the Leonor Fini Archives directed by Overstreet in Paris, are now held in the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library at Yale University.

    Artwork © Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/ ADAGP, Paris, France.

  • Works
    Leonor Fini, Les Cornes, 1973

    Leonor Fini

    Les Cornes, 1973
    gold sculpture
    5 3/4 x 5 7/8 inches
    14.5 x 15 cm
    Edition of 12 + 2 APs (AP I)
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  • Exhibitions
    • Leonor Fini: Metamorphosis

      Leonor Fini: Metamorphosis

      January 12 – February 25, 2023 297 Tenth Avenue, New York
      An exhibition of work spanning seven decades by Argentine-Italian artist Leonor Fini (1907–1996) explores themes of transformation, masquerade, and performance through paintings, sculpture, and works on paper sourced primarily from the artist’s estate. Fini’s deeply personal practice melds coded autobiographical references to her childhood in Trieste, Italy, with those spanning Shakespeare, Greek mythology, Egyptian and medieval history, and opera. The exhibition, which focuses on figurative depictions of subjects from drama, folklore, and dream, is the first solo presentation of work by Fini at Kasmin and will include costume and sculptural works recently exhibited in The Milk of Dreams: The 59th International Art Exhibition of La Biennale di Venezia.
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    • Dissolving Realms

      Dissolving Realms

      Curated by Katy Hessel June 10 – August 12, 2022 509 West 27th Street, New York
      Dissolving Realms, curated by Katy Hessel, brings together works spanning over 70 years in a focused survey of painterly investigations into the limits of representation. The paintings on view incorporate fantastical and cosmological themes to conjure realms that either flicker on the precipice of abstraction or dissolve completely into pure color and form. With an international eye, Dissolving Realms draws widely from both art historical and contemporary practices to reflect on the legacies and impact that 20th century artists—namely those associated with Abstract Expressionism, color field painting and Surrealism—have had on young painters of today.
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