George Rickey: Wall Reliefs

January 11 – February 17, 2024 509 West 27th Street, New York
    • "I've been interested in the essence of movement, not just in making objects [that] move, but in trying to use movement as an expressive means, as a painter might use color."
      —George Rickey

  • Kasmin is thrilled to present a solo exhibition of work by pioneering American sculptor George Rickey. Emphasizing wall-mounted stainless steel kinetic sculptures contextualized by the inclusion of significant free-standing examples from the early 1960s through the 1990s, the presentation draws from the collections of the George Rickey Foundation and the George Rickey Estate, represented by Kasmin since 2020, to demonstrate formal developments in the artist's singular practice over several decades.
  • George Rickey Seascape III Wall, 1993 stainless steel 15 x 77 x 20 inches 38.1 x 195.6 x 50.8 cm
    George Rickey
    Seascape III Wall, 1993
    stainless steel
    15 x 77 x 20 inches
    38.1 x 195.6 x 50.8 cm
  • George Rickey Four Rectangles One Square Diagonal, 1979 stainless steel 37 1/2 x 37 1/2 x 8 inches 95.3 x...
    George Rickey
    Four Rectangles One Square Diagonal, 1979
    stainless steel
    37 1/2 x 37 1/2 x 8 inches
    95.3 x 95.3 x 20.3 cm
  • Rickey had begun mounting kinetic sculptures to the wall by the early 1960s, an ambition he held from the very...
    The artist's studio, East Chatham, NY. © George Rickey Foundation, Inc. / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
    Rickey had begun mounting kinetic sculptures to the wall by the early 1960s, an ambition he held from the very beginning of his sculptural practice a decade prior. Working against the wall afforded Rickey the opportunity to fine tune the mechanics of his sculptural designs by hand before executing them at monumental scale, at a time when many sculptors had begun to collaborate with commercial fabricators to realize ambitious projects. His commitment to the hand-creation of his work is represented here by Atropos IV (1963, begun 1961), a unique work from one of the artist’s earliest series of line sculptures. Rickey began his “Atropos” series in 1961, the year he learned the Heliarc welding technique that enabled him to realize his sculptural designs at an ambitious scale. Titled after the Greek goddess of fate and destiny, the movement of the two lines in Atropos IV is guided both by the artist’s intricate engineering and by chance, provided by a gentle breeze. The use of straight lines and geometric elements would soon hallmark Rickey’s ability to capture the essence of movement in his sculpture; as he once wrote, “Lines permit the most economical manifestation of movement I have found, a kinetic drawing in space.” In 1964, Rickey exhibited monumental line sculptures at Documenta III, including a large-scale wall-mounted work from his related “Landscape” series, which anticipates Rickey’s Seascape III (1993) on view here, outside of the Orangerie in Kassel, Germany, where an early monumental vertical rendering, Two Lines – Temporal I (1964) was acquired by the Museum of Modern Art. 
    • George Rickey, Two Open Rectangles Diagonal Jointed - Wall, 1985 (begun 1984)
      George Rickey, Two Open Rectangles Diagonal Jointed - Wall, 1985 (begun 1984)
    • George Rickey, Six Triangles Hexagon Wall, 1978
      George Rickey, Six Triangles Hexagon Wall, 1978
  • George Rickey Four Rectangles Oblique Wall, 1972-1973 stainless steel 49 1/2 x 49 1/2 x 11 1/2 inches 125.7 x...
    George Rickey
    Four Rectangles Oblique Wall, 1972-1973
    stainless steel
    49 1/2 x 49 1/2 x 11 1/2 inches
    125.7 x 125.7 x 29.2 cm
    • George Rickey, Atropos IV, 1963 (begun 1961)
      George Rickey, Atropos IV, 1963 (begun 1961)
    • George Rickey, Unstable Squares Diagonal Wall, 1981
      George Rickey, Unstable Squares Diagonal Wall, 1981
  • George Rickey Annular Eclipse - Wall, c. 1995 stainless steel 35 x 35 inches 88.9 x 88.9 cm
    George Rickey
    Annular Eclipse - Wall, c. 1995
    stainless steel
    35 x 35 inches
    88.9 x 88.9 cm
  • A highlight of the exhibition will be Annular Eclipse - Wall (c. 1995), a unique work related to one of Rickey’s last major sculptures, inspired by an annular eclipse in May 1994—a type of solar eclipse in which the moon is too far from the sun to cover it completely, resulting in a ring of fire around its edge. For the first time in decades, Rickey titled this work after nature, and, in a rare instance in Rickey’s oeuvre, this artwork’s title preceded its conceptual realization. A monumental iteration of Annular Eclipse was installed along Park Avenue in 2000, inaugurating the boulevard’s public art tradition in New York, and then again at the corner of 48th Street and 6th Avenue in 2017.
    • George Rickey, Six Rectangles Horizontal Jointed - Wall, 1991
      George Rickey, Six Rectangles Horizontal Jointed - Wall, 1991
    • George Rickey, Column of Four Lines with Gimbals II (Wall), 1979
      George Rickey, Column of Four Lines with Gimbals II (Wall), 1979
    • George Rickey, Cascade, 1989
      George Rickey, Cascade, 1989
  • George Rickey Open Rectangles One Up One Down Excentric with Acute Angle II, 1978 stainless steel 151 x 22 inches...
    George Rickey
    Open Rectangles One Up One Down Excentric with Acute Angle II, 1978
    stainless steel
    151 x 22 inches
    383.5 x 55.9 cm
  • "If great talents use movement, great art will move." 
    —George Rickey
  • George Rickey: Wall Reliefs underscores the relationship between Rickey’s wall-mounted kinetic sculptures and his documented interest in the optical effects of contemporary painting. Beginning his career as a painter, Rickey early on honed his ability to produce artworks at a commanding scale by transforming small gridded sketches into large-scale public murals, an experience that prefigures the monumental sculptures. On a 1961 trip to Europe, around the time he began his “Atropos” series, Rickey met the artists Jesús Rafael Soto and Victor Vasarely in Paris, each known for creating optical effects of movement, and the latter of whose work Rickey would soon acquire for his personal collection. Rickey’s research for his 1967 book Constructivism: Origins and Evolution—which dedicated a chapter to the role of optical phenomena in paintings by Bridget Riley, Vasarely, Soto, and others—would be instrumental in organizing MoMA curator William Seitz’s landmark traveling survey The Responsive Eye in 1965. As Rickey would state about his kinetic sculptures in that year: “I've been interested in the essence of movement, not just in making objects [that] move, but in trying to use movement as an expressive means, as a painter might use color.”

  • George Rickey Squeezed Squares Wall II, 1996 stainless steel 50 x 53 x 12 inches 127 x 134.6 x 30.5...
    George Rickey
    Squeezed Squares Wall II, 1996
    stainless steel
    50 x 53 x 12 inches
    127 x 134.6 x 30.5 cm
  • George Rickey Two Lines in a T: Six Feet, 1988 stainless steel 38 x 72 inches 96.5 x 182.9 cm
    George Rickey
    Two Lines in a T: Six Feet, 1988
    stainless steel
    38 x 72 inches
    96.5 x 182.9 cm
    • George Rickey, Column of Seven Rotors, Lumina, 1978
      George Rickey, Column of Seven Rotors, Lumina, 1978
    • George Rickey, Four Lines Diagonal Jointed, 1988
      George Rickey, Four Lines Diagonal Jointed, 1988
  • The Rickey apartment and studio, Berlin, 1975. Photo by Achim Pahle. © George Rickey Foundation, Inc. / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
  • About the Artist

    Born in 1907 in South Bend, IN, George Rickey spent over five decades committed to the creation of poetic and...
    Born in 1907 in South Bend, IN, George Rickey spent over five decades committed to the creation of poetic and precisely-calibrated sculptures that he referred to as his “useless machines.” Designed to be situated in the public sphere, the works are activated by their interplay with the surrounding environment, reshaping the landscape and bringing heightened attention to aspects of light, movement, and composition. Of all the natural forces, it was the wind’s movement that most captured Rickey’s imagination. He once wrote, “The artist finds waiting for him, as subject, not the trees, not the flowers, not the landscape, but the waving of branches and the trembling of stems, the piling up or scudding of clouds, the rising and setting and waxing and waning of heavenly bodies.”

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